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活塞式液壓缸

單(dan)活塞(sai)桿液(ye)壓(ya)缸只有(you)一(yi)端(duan)有(you)活塞(sai)桿。如(ru)圖所(suo)示是一(yi)種單(dan)活塞(sai)液(ye)壓(ya)缸。其(qi)兩端(duan)進出口油(you)口A和B都可(ke)通壓(ya)力(li)油(you)或回油(you)，以實現雙向運(yun)動，故稱(cheng)為雙作用缸。

活塞僅能單向(xiang)運(yun)動，其反方向(xiang)運(yun)動需由外(wai)力(li)來完成(cheng)。但其行程一般(ban)較活塞式液壓(ya)缸(gang)大。

活塞式液壓(ya)缸(gang)可(ke)分為單(dan)桿(gan)式和雙(shuang)桿(gan)式兩(liang)種結構，其固(gu)定(ding)方(fang)式由(you)缸(gang)體固(gu)定(ding)和活塞桿(gan)固(gu)定(ding)兩(liang)種。、

擺動式液壓缸

擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)液壓(ya)缸是輸(shu)出(chu)扭(niu)矩并實現(xian)往復運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的執行元件，有單葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)、雙葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)、螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等幾種(zhong)形式(shi)(shi)。葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)式(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)：定子(zi)塊固定在(zai)缸體上，而葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)和轉子(zi)連接在(zai)一(yi)起。根據進油方向，葉(xie)(xie)片(pian)(pian)將帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉子(zi)作往復擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)(shi)又(you)分單螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和雙螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)兩種(zhong)，現(xian)在(zai)雙螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)比較(jiao)常用，靠兩個螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)副降液壓(ya)缸內(nei)活塞的直(zhi)線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉變(bian)為直(zhi)線運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與(yu)自轉運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的復he運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從而實現(xian)擺動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

O形密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)在低壓下使(shi)用時，與U形密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)比較(jiao)，由于(yu)面壓較(jiao)高(gao)、動靜摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力(li)之差(cha)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，容(rong)易產生(sheng)滑(hua)移或(huo)爬行(xing)；U型密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)的(de)面壓隨著壓力(li)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)而增(zeng)大(da)(da)，雖然密(mi)封(feng)效果也相應提(ti)高(gao)，但動靜摩(mo)擦阻(zu)力(li)之差(cha)也變大(da)(da)，內壓增(zeng)加，影(ying)響橡膠(jiao)彈性，由于(yu)唇緣的(de)接(jie)觸(chu)阻(zu)力(li)增(zeng)大(da)(da)，密(mi)封(feng)圈(quan)將會(hui)傾翻及(ji)唇緣伸長，也容(rong)易引(yin)起滑(hua)移或(huo)爬行(xing)，為防止其傾翻可采用支承環(huan)保持其穩定。